Feline diabetes mellitus affects 0.5–1% of cats , making it one of the most common endocrine disorders in our feline companions. While recent advancements like SGLT2 inhibitors (Bexacat and Senvelgo) offer new treatment options, insulin therapy remains a cornerstone in managing this condition — especially for cats with more advanced or insulin-dependent diabetes.
If your cat has been diagnosed with diabetes, understanding how insulin works, what types are available, and how to properly administer them can help you provide the best possible care. This article explores everything you need to know about insulin for cats , including types, administration, monitoring, and how it fits into a comprehensive diabetes management plan.
Understanding Feline Diabetes and the Role of Insulin
What is Feline Diabetes Mellitus?
Diabetes mellitus in cats occurs when the body cannot regulate blood sugar levels effectively. There are two main types:
- Type I : The body produces little to no insulin due to destruction of insulin-producing beta cells.
- Type II : The most common form in cats, where the body becomes resistant to insulin — often linked to obesity and poor diet.
Cats typically develop Type II diabetes , which can sometimes be reversed with early intervention and proper care.
Why Insulin is Important
Insulin helps cells absorb glucose from the bloodstream to use as energy. In diabetic cats, either not enough insulin is produced or the body doesn’t respond well to it, leading to hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) . Left untreated, this can cause serious complications like ketoacidosis, nerve damage, and organ failure.
Types of Insulin Used in Cats
There are several types of insulin formulations used in feline medicine. Each varies in onset, peak effect, and duration of action , which influences how often and how much should be administered.
Commonly Prescribed Insulins
- Vetsulin : A porcine lente insulin commonly used in cats due to its intermediate duration of action.
- ProZinc : A protamine zinc insulin (PZI) that offers longer duration and is often preferred for achieving remission.
- Lantus (Glargine) : A long-acting human insulin analog that has shown high efficacy in feline patients, particularly those on low-carb diets.
Your veterinarian will choose the most appropriate insulin based on your cat’s health status, lifestyle, and response to treatment.
Administering Insulin to Cats
How to Give Insulin Injections
Insulin is typically administered subcutaneously (under the skin) every 12 hours , ideally at the same time each day. Here’s how to do it safely:
- Prepare the Insulin : Gently roll the vial between your hands to mix it — never shake it.
- Use the Correct Syringe : Use either U-40 or U-100 syringes , depending on the type of insulin prescribed.
- Choose an Injection Site : Alternate sites along the back or scruff of the neck to avoid irritation.
- Pinch the Skin and Insert the Needle : Hold your cat gently but securely. Pinch the skin and insert the needle at a slight angle.
- Inject Slowly and Reward Your Cat : Inject the dose slowly, then praise or reward your cat to make the experience positive.
Tips for Success
- Practice with saline before giving the first real dose.
- Always check the expiration date and appearance of the insulin.
- Store unopened insulin in the refrigerator; opened vials can be kept at room temperature for up to 42 days (depending on the product).
Monitoring and Adjusting Insulin Therapy
Blood Glucose Curves
A blood glucose curve involves checking your cat’s blood sugar at regular intervals throughout the day to assess how well the insulin is working. These curves help determine:
- The lowest blood glucose level (nadir)
- The duration of insulin effect
- Whether adjustments to dosage or frequency are needed
While traditionally done at the vet clinic, many owners now perform these tests at home using glucometers designed for pets . Home testing reduces stress and provides more accurate results.
Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs)
The FreeStyle Libre system is increasingly used in veterinary medicine for continuous glucose monitoring. It provides readings every few minutes for up to 14 days, offering a detailed picture of glucose trends without repeated finger pricks.
This tool is especially helpful for:
- Newly diagnosed diabetic cats
- Cats with unstable diabetes
- Those undergoing insulin dose adjustments
Dietary Management and Lifestyle Changes
Diet plays a crucial role in managing diabetes in cats. Most diabetic cats benefit from:
- Low-carbohydrate, high-protein diets
- Wet food over dry kibble (to increase hydration)
- Scheduled meals around insulin injections
Weight management is also critical. Overweight cats are more prone to insulin resistance. Gradual weight loss under veterinary supervision can improve insulin sensitivity and may even lead to remission.
New Oral Treatments for Feline Diabetes
In 2023, the FDA approved two oral medications for treating feline diabetes:
- Bexacat (bexagliflozin tablets)
- Senvelgo (velagliflozin oral solution)
These SGLT2 inhibitors work by increasing glucose excretion through the kidneys. They are effective in over 80% of cases and offer a non-injectable alternative for some cats.
However, they are not suitable for all cats , especially those with ketoacidosis or other severe complications. Close monitoring for side effects such as ketonuria and weight loss is essential.
Conclusion: Managing Diabetes in Cats
Managing diabetes in cats requires a combination of insulin therapy, dietary control, and consistent monitoring . With proper care, many diabetic cats can live long, happy lives — and some may even achieve remission.
Whether you’re administering insulin injections or exploring newer oral treatments like Bexacat or Senvelgo , always work closely with your veterinarian to tailor the treatment to your cat’s specific needs.
For more information on the best insulin options and treatment strategies, visit Pet World’s guide to insulin for cats .